June 24, 1962 - Nighthawk
Focus Nature
by Paul Stoutenburgh, Cutchogue
The Nighthawk
Exclusive Sunday Review Sketch
by Dennis Puleston of Brookhaven
I am sure we have all heard
the word, Nighthawk, in one
sense or another, but not too
many of .us have had this oppor-
tunity that Judd Bennett has as
he reports to us today. From his
past two, articles, he needs no
further introduction. PS.
NIGHTHAWK
By Judd Bennett
While on a field trip this Spring
I had the luck of finding a sleep-
ing . Nighthawk.
Ordinarily one does not see
this bird at rest. And it is a day
to remember when the luck holds
to include a short flight and a
landing in a well - lighted open
spot. The startling first burst of
a fleeing bird is slightly unsettl-
ing at best, and one usually sees
little, seldom more than just
enough, to say softly the name,
before there comes the mild dis-
appointment.. Nothing like this
happened. I had a chance to
fully recover and to calm down —
to become a bit spellbound.
After the first rush and flutter
this male Nighthawk rose slowly,
lifted himself in a soft - winged
takeoff, to a low sunlit oak
limb. He settled down quickly
became calm and, appeared
sleepy. It is not uncommon for
them to rest in the cover of
grassy pastures where they re-
main quiet and safely hidden par-
tially due to the similarity of
grass and leaf golors to their
grayish, brown - flecked and
patterned feathers.
Unless one approaches heavy -
footed and gets very close there
is no rush- flight. There is a
chance you will not see them.
It is just as difficult to pick
them out anywhere for they
blend in nicely when motionless
and in a low very pigeon-like
squat always, characteristically,
sitting lengthwise. They are not
a perching bird.
For A Closer Look
Y I thought this particular bird
was in a migration pause be-
cause he seemed extremplu * ;-^I
light as did the white throat
band, before he crouched down,
slightly above the throat bristles
of the whiskers, brush - like
about the mouth, became clearly
visible. An eye every now and
then blinked open and shut. I
held myself at 20 feet and for a
- quarter - hour observed through
good ten - power glasses. I enjoy-
ed that rare moment of the bird-
er's life.
Nighthawks have one very de-
finite identifying mark and that
is the white wing - patch. You
need see nothing else. There are
some other special points one
should note — the wings, at rest,
are longer than the tail — the
throat - patch, white in the male,
tin d indefinite in
the feamle. It is an allover dark-
ish gray bird somewhat speedy
looking — long winged and big -
mouthed.
Endless Flight
We rarely see the Nighthawk
except in flight. He is in flight
endlessly over the tree tops, and
'the open and grassed -'.over pas-
tures and the "brush" filled
fields. He is not hard l6 -End. At
anytime during mid - 'summer,
heated and muggy days, he is
generally about • somewhere.
Evening would lie' the best time
'to search him out.
When you have named a "bird
find" it is a, little more fun to
reflect upon the tag given it. In
this case;_ the words Night and
Hawk both have an enlivened
'ring — a little touch of stirring
mystery comes forth; beyond its
being a fairly good name. But,
hawk he, is no(. He is- a Goat -
sucker. That.)ast is a ringer too.
The, Nighthawk is' a Goatsucker
as. is the ,related Whip - poor -will
apd the Chu(k- will's -widow (just .
an oddly narn6d bird more often
seen in bhq.Sguth). All of this
family are closely related in size
and strongly resemble one an-
other in habit and - coloratiori.
The exception to note carefully
is clean cut. We most often see
the Nighthawk and seldom hear
him -- in reverse — we most
often hear •th' Vhip- poor -will and
seldom see 4. They are not one
and the sarhe bird though the
,careless often "think so.
Outsized Mouth
One of the_'pleasing and stim-
ulating sights of the bewitching
hours of sundown is the sailing
out on forage of the Nighthawks
out over the heat - deadened
greens of the open capturing
bugs by the thousands from
swarms stimulated to well up.
ward into the cooled air. Night-
hawks literally careen through
this vast sea of insects with their
mouths fully opened and they
easily fill their gullets to the
hilt. For birds they have a tre-
mendous, notable, mouth which
is widely flared Ad is edged by
billslits which cut way back in a
deep cheek - slash. When the
outsized mouth is opened the fore
part of the head seems gone. The
huge opening is remarkable. and
terribly efficient: They fly right
smack into the insects and with
little effort scoop up all in the
path of flight. These flight -hunts
are thought of.as a "hawking ".
The mouth is . never closed when
the chase is on.
Quite a wonderful experience
would be the chance to watch a
brooding female use this excep-
tional jaw opening along with a
hiss hopefully mimicking a rep-
tile in the frightening off of
small intruders. She sounds like
a defiant cat and feints in bold
rushes and forward sallies care-
ful always-to appear little more
than a pink - mouthed dangerous
snake. She must be a fearsome
sight to- a timid creature.
Nest in the Open
For their nests, often defended
in this way, the Nighthawks seek
out bare stony flattened earth,
rocky and gravelly, coarse cov-
ered barrens completely in the
open. Somehow they survive the
broiling they must be exposed to
when the scorching days of sum-
mer burn on. Two eggs are laid
and these are handsomely
creamy white but sometimes tint-
ed a pale olive gray and wholly
spotted with browns. The eggs
,resemble the stones and gravel
and the nesting mother appears,
for all the world, as just a few
dead and tossed leaves, without
any movement as they instinc-
tively remain frozen in place.
They rely on the chance that
your path will not cross their
little domain.
Visual Powers
The Nighthawk, the Whip -poor-
will and also the Chimney Swift'
all have just .about the keenest
and sharpest visual powers
among all the birds — actually
seeing the bugs they chase after
when only a waning baleful moon
feebly lights the night. They can
operate just as well in the shim -
mering.stark glare of the noon
day sun.
Nearly everyone interested in
the life of our birds has also
an eagerness to sort them out
and apply a mild comparison.
'In this instance, when we single
out the Nighthawk, they do stand
out obviously for a markdown
of quite wonderful. This is very
close to being correct and desir-
able They could be admired
alone for their vast migrations,
for their spring wanderings which
reach the extremes of the cold
distant Arctic Ocean areas and
the opposite wintering area at
the ends of far - down South
America — also, for their equally
notable flights, seemingly so tire-
less, made in pursuit of tiny
gnats and big fat moths -- often
directly aiding man. Nighthawks
are very beneficial
We first see them each year
about the middle of April and
they are gone when - September
feels like Odtober.
Aerial Work
There is a stunning aerial bit
done by the courtship - stimulated
male. He then, at times, wings
upward - to considerable heights
=-- not out of sight — turns for
a down plunge, goes head first,
with wings but partly folded in,
spins out on fully opened wings
near the ground level, then, in
the swing -up produces a fair
sized "boom" — easily heard at
some distance away. You would,
indeed, be lucky to see this dis-
play.
As they are a most common
summer resident on Long Island
they should be looked for during
the remaining moments of a
day's end when, in most instan-
ces, little else but the Mosquit-
oes are buzzing with activity.
Many of us find delight in
names, as I've shown I do, and
a few moments of reflection in-
*eludes the "how; why, and when"
— and, sometimes who. Who
gave us the names, those tags
we love? and are often stuck
with. There are some real dand-
ies for the little efficient Night-
hawk. The common one using
Night (wonderful worst) and
Hawk .(splendid too) seems fine.
Now, how about,.— Burnt Land
Bird — Chimney Bat (could be
confused with Chimney Swift) --
Mosquito Hawk — and, my good-
ness! Pork and Beans. I will be
fair and tell of the last - it comes
from the calls which apparently,
to some of our ancestors, wholly
without a- pinch of poetry in
their souls, seemed ever so plain-
ly and undeniably the simple
good words of Pork and Beans,'
And that is a high level for the
unadorned -- no nonsense tag.
Any Old New Englander would
cheer and probably insist. Goat -
sucker has been dropped and is
now remembered as a family
name only. It was not a shining
choice either. The main thought
In all this is simple — to have
you know a bit more about a
bird you should ads iiire rl