January 14, 1988 - In Winter, It's Survival of the FattestPage 8A/The Suffolk Times /January 14, 1988
In Winter, It's Survival of the Fattest
By PAUL STOUTENBURGH
Last week's snow and cold were the
closest thing to a real, old- fashioned
winter I've seen in a long time. The
evening of the snow I can remember
walking out to the barn and stopping
midway so the mood of the storm
could take over. It's then, with the
snow swirling about and the cold
creeping in every crevice of your
clothing, that you start to realize
how frail and vulnerable you are. It
also gave me an appreciation of
today's conveniences in contrast to
the more primitive way of life of our
ancestors.
The cows looked mournfully at me,
their thick winter fur insulating
them well against the layer of snow
spread across their backs. Inside I fed
Focus on
Nature
the chickens, on every conceivable
perch they could find. As I put the
grain down they all came to life in a
flurry of wings and feathers, de-
scending on the yellow bits of grain
as if they were starved. Even the
frenzied pecking order that usually
rules was forgotten as all rushed
about, each trying to outdo the other
in this evening feast. Yet there was
one that did not join in. It was sickly
and stood in the corner crouching
with wings drooped and head drawn
into its feathers. Wintcr had co.:gi+t
up with it and it would only be a mat-
ter of time before it would go down.
Winter is a cruel task - master par-
ticularly for those who step out of
line and don't play the game accord-
ing to the rules of nature. I'm sure
many of you have seen swans that
have succumbed to the cold. Re-
member, they are escaped domestic
fowl and out of their element when
winter comes. Yet as long as the
water doesn't freeze over completely
and cut off their underwater food
supply, they can usually take it. Now
free, they have stepped out of their
role of dependence on man and have
tried to go it on their own. The result
each year is that we lose some to
freeze -ups.
Owls' Food Under Snow
Even wildlife usually well- equip-
ped to handle winter's cold some-
Photo by Paul Stoutenburgh
MUTE SWAN - -Swans are domesticated fowl that With the warmth of the open water gone and their
have escaped from man's care. For this freedom food supply cut off they become casualties of
they pay dearly when winter's frigid weather sets in. winter's wrath.
times goes down. Owls are a perfect
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than the owl. It glides on silent
wings. Its talons are as deadly as any
weapon and it can hunt on the dar-
kest of nights. Yet when snowstorms
come like the one we've just experi-
enced and the weather remains cold
so the blanket of snow remains for a
long time, the owl's food supply es-
capes below. Here voles and mice and
rats tunnel about out of sight of the
marauding owl. Starvation can re-
sult and each year people call saying,
"I found a beautiful big owl dead
under my evergreen tree. What could
have happened to it ?"
Even our great blue heron, the
master stalker of our creeks and
bays, succumbs to the cold. He should
have known better and migrated
south with the others but every year
a certain few seem to try to make it
through the winter. Some time ago I
wrote an article about a great blue
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heron I watched pathetically suc-
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in a long, narrow ditch where r kil'lies
and such must have been present.
Then as the cold nights froze the
water and cut off his food supply, he
gradually weakened. I knew it was
just about over when I saw his tail
touch the ice. No self - respecting
heron would ever permit this unless
something drastic was happening.
Sure enough early the next morning
when I checked the heron was com-
pletely down, cold and lifeless.
Survival Game Is Tough
Ice and snow, cold and blow are dif-
ficult cards to play the survival game
with. Just last week when we were
on our Audubon Christmas bird
count we were desperately looking
for a clapper rail out on the marshes.
No matter what we did we couldn't
raise one. The last place we tried
where there was always open water
we found our clapper rail but it was
dead. It had frozen to death within
10 feet of the open water, another
victim of winter's cold.
But then, how do some birds and
animals somehow survive? I guess
the way to say it is that they have
learned the rules of the game. A per-
fect example would be that little puff
of feathers, the chickadee. How does
this tiny little bird keep going and
seem so cheerful throughout the
whole winter? It has found out how
to live off seeds of any kind from
poison ivy to bayberry to ragweed to
sunflower seeds at your feeder. Then
there are the eggs of moths and plant
lice and hibernating spiders and bee-
tles and flies and insects of all kinds
it finds under the bark of trees and
the rubble of undergrowth. It has
found food available all year. But
then, what about at night when it
doesn't feed? It's found a way of solv-
ing that problem for if you were to
follow the little chickadee that comes
tucked away at night in a cavity bt a
tree or an old woodpecker's nest or
perhaps even its own nest where it
reared its young last season.
I know even the common house
sparrow that comes to our feeder uses
our bird boxes as a place to snuggle
up and conserve heat. Each has
learned the right card to play in the
winter game of survival.
Animals are the same. Mr. Cotton-
tail roams all night during the
winter and when it snows he travels
atop the snow where he can reach the
tender buds and limbs of your rose
bushes and other plants otherwise
out of his reach. You can see the evi-
dence from the many tracks around
your home. It's during the day he
finds a dry, warm place to sleep to
conserve his energy, perhaps under
an old building, in a brush pile in the
woods or in the tool shed like Peter
Rabbit.
When the weather gets too cold for
some like the opossum, raccoon and
squirrel, they just curl up in their
nest and sleep it out. The squirrel in
the top of a tree in his leaf nest, the
raccoon and opossum under an old
wood pile or in a tree cavity. When it
warms up, it is time for those, too, to
get out and scavenge about, perhaps
tipping over your garbage pail.
Some years when winter's cards
are just right we see great drops in
populations because of the cold and
snow. It takes years for these species
to rebuild. The good side of the story
is that they usually do rebuild, which
makes our lives more enjoyable and
rewarding, for the natural world is
one we should never tire of.