April 18, 1991 - Owls: Truly the Tigers of the Forest'C8 The Suffolk Times • Aprii 18, 1991
Owls: Truly the Tigers of the Forest
By Paul Stoutenburgh
I have but two eyes and can get
around just so far but my reading public
has many eyes and covers hundreds of
miles. The result this week was two
great nesting observations related to me
about the same species of predator, the
great horned owl. In all my wanderings
I've only seen two nests of these great
owls, one atop an old osprey nest in the
Town of Southampton years ago, the
other in an abandoned squirrel's nest in
the Town of Southold. Of the two re-
cent nesting reports one was atop a bro-
ken section of a hollow oak tree and the
other was just off the road atop the old
leafy nest of a grey squirrel.
Both these nests had young in them
and both had females watching over
them. As the name implies, these are
great owls in every respect. They are
our tallest and dwarf our little screech
owl, which, by the way, it occasionally
feeds on. The great homed is even taller
than our common barn owl. It is great
in the sense it is the fiercest of all
predatory owls, attacking anything from
a small shrew to a full -sized rabbit. A
partial list of its diet might include
mice, rats, rabbits, skunks, opossums,
birds of all sorts and sizes from the
smallest song bird to a large duck. Yes,
even occasionally my tree - roosting
chickens. These owls are truly the tigers
of the forest, attacking skillfully and
quietly at night.
Look for Pellets
Most of the food is swallowed whole,
whenever the size is convenient. This
necessitates the undigested parts such as
fur, feathers and bones being regurgi-
tated in tightly packed pellets, which are
easily found under the owl's favorite
roost. Should you be interested in find-
ing an owl roost look on the ground in
groves of evergreens. The pellets are
rather grayish in color and are two to
four inches in length.
These pellets are perfectly clean and
are often collected by naturalists and
science classes for dissecting at a later
date. The bones can be reassembled into
a clean skeleton of the rat or mouse that
was swallowed. Often you can see the
Focus on
Nature
whole skull of the victim included in
the fur of the pellet. Scientists often use
these pellets to determine what rodents
live in the area.
Most owls hunt at night and roost or
sleep during the day. The color of the
great horned owl is mostly brown with
flecks of white and black throughout,
giving it perfect camouflage for
roosting purposes. Sitting still on a
branch close to the trunk of a tree they
are difficult to pick out from their
woody surroundings.
When I visited the nest just recently I
had great views of the owl looking
down on me and when it finally flew
away I was again amazed at its huge
size. Because of its soft feathers owls
can fly without making the usual noises
associated with rapid wing beats,
thereby letting the owl approach its vic-
tim without being heard.
Because roosting birds are often
snatched from their perch at night, they
have become the owl's No. 1 harasser.
Once discovered, the battle cry goes out
and the troops (other birds) come out in
force to annoy the owl. Often you can
see owls when crows or bluejays are
making a ruckus in the nearby woods.
These two, the crows and jays in partic-
ular, spend hours bugging owls and, to
a lesser degree, hawks. In number they
divebomb and sound their most merce-
nary calls until the owl is driven away.
Owls Are Winter Nesters
The nests I visited each had two
downy whitish young, which I would
guess would put their age at about three
weeks. These big owls will lay from
one to six eggs and, like most predatory
young, not all will survive. If food is
scarce only the strong and aggressive
will take over to be fed. Even if the
food is readily available there's always
the risk of the young being pushed out
of the nest or accidentally falling out.
It takes about 35 days to incubate the
eggs. Added to the three - week -old
Photo by Paul Stoutenburgh
YOUNG GREAT HORNED OWLS —Great horned owls lay their eggs
during the winter months. These downy young are about three weeks
old and are atop a broken oak tree in Mattituck.
young, this would put egg- laying time
in the latter part of February. Pretty
chilly to be sitting on eggs, I'd say, but
nevertheless true. I remember seeing a
classic picture of a great horned owl
covered with snow to show how early
they nested. The thing we want to re-
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member here is that the owl's food sup-
ply is available year -round and not tied
to the warmer seasons like most other
birds.
In six weeks the owlets will be al-
most fully grown and will start to fly
and be on their own. The parents then
will bring less and less food, forcing the
young to start hunting and feeding
themselves. At first they'll probably
catch large insects but with youthful
appetites they'll soon move into larger
prey. Shortly after that they'll be driven
off or just wander off on their own for
each owl has its own territory.
Owls have extremely acute hearing.
The flattish feathered face acts as a disc
to help concentrate sound in the large
ear slits that are placed so that prey can
be located by triangulation. We're told a
great horned owl can locate its prey by
the sound it makes in the forest floor a
hundred yards away.
Great horned owls mate for life yet
seem to choose a different nesting site
each year, but always in the general lo-
cality. Their low repeated hoot -hoot is
truly a sound of the wild. While many
never see these terrors of the forest,
many will hear them for they could be
nesting almost anywhere here on the
East End. It's a bird that has found its
niche in the great scheme of things. It
has few natural enemies, man being its
greatest. Only through education can we
help to keep these wonderfully wild
predators amongst us.