November 19, 1981 - Canvasbacks and KettleholesSECOND SECTION C114r Tirulli-Ervirm November 19, 1981
Canvasbacks and Kettleholes
One of the advantages of enjoying the
outdoors is that no matter where you are
there always seems to be something to
see. Just last week I was working on a
cottage nestled alongside one of our
freshwater lakes. It was one of those rare
warm fall days when leaves on the
ground were new and every step created
a world of crispness. Most of the leaves
were off the trees, but a few held on in
defiance, waving their flags of brilliant
red and yellow.
Summer had left and the lake was now
taken over by a feeling of quiet and
loneliness. In the lee of the shore, the
wind merely played gently in the tree-
tops. The lake took on the appearance of
a forgotten jewel in the far north. There
was no sign of man's activity -- except a
few abandoned cottages nestled behind
the trees, now boarded up and mute for
the winter. The natural world ruled here.
Walking down to the clear sandy beach
in front of the cabin, I tried to visualize
how this lake was formed. Reading about
our kettlehole lakes, I had found all were
circular and deep. Theory has it when the
great glaciers of ten to fifteen thousand
years ago moved down from the north,
the debris they brought with them
created Long Island. Long Island Sound
to the north was the great depression
made by the glacier when it slid over the
bed rock of Connecticut.
It's hard to imagine an endless cliff of
ice running halfway across our country
thousands of feet high and extending far
to the north. Over eons of time the
temperature changed and the great mass
of ice stopped and slowly melted. Tor-
rents of water poured out and ran to the
sea, which was in those days hundreds of
miles from our present shore. Some
great chunks of the glacier broke off and
were buried. These huge ice cubes
remained buried for a long time and as
the glacier melted and retreated north-
ward the buried chunks of ice started to
melt, leaving depressions in the earth.
The final result of this massive re-
shaping and recreation of the land made
our Long Island and created the kettle
hole lakes as we know them today. The
water level of these lakes basically
represents our groundwater level and
that in turn represents an approximate
bay and Sound level. All our waters are
interconnected.
When it rains and snows, the water
percolates down. If the groundwater
level is high, it will run off horizontally
underground to our lakes or into our bays
and creeks. Have you ever gone swim-
ming along the shore and hit a cold spot?
That was surplus groundwater running
out into the salt water. That's one of the
reasons that our creeks are less salty
than our bays and our bays less salty
than the ocean.
As I contemplated these deep thoughts,
I was aware of a movement on the glassy
water just around the bend. Moving
closer I noticed a group of ducks that had
already sensed me and moved away.
First I thought they were mallards,
because they are the most common duck
found here, but many of these were mark-
ed with great patches of white on their
backs and their heads were a different
shape. Most duck heads are rounded with
a straight bill protruding midway down
the face. These ducks had a wedge -
shaped head, the bill starting at the top
of the head and sloping to the tip of the
bill. They made an unusual silhouette.
They had to be the famous canvasbacks.
Many, many years ago these ducks
could be seen by the thousands all along
our south shore. They are great divers
and enjoy eating roots of eel grass that
once grew in profusion in all our waters.
Because of their diet of eel grass,
sometimes called wild celery, their flesh
was especially sought after by the duck
hunter. But it was not the duck hunter
that lowered the ranks, nor was it the
disappearance of the eel grass, although
both played their part.
It was caused by what was happening
thousands of miles away where the ducks
nested. In the northern states around
Montana, northward through the great
province of Manitoba, the potholes,
swamps and wet areas were being
drained for agriculture. Their nesting
grounds were being destroyed. Even
today this drainage goes on.
The canvasback is one of our most
handsome ducks. Its dark front contrast-
ed with its white back and rusty head
make it an outstanding duck in flight as
well as on the water, We're not as
fortunate as those along the south shore,
where feeding grounds are better, but we
occasionally see these handsome ducks
in our fresh -water ponds and shallow
bays.
Each year I tell myself I see a few
more of them, but I'm almost afraid to
believe it. Once their numbers were so low
they were taken off the hunting list; when
returned, only one or two could be taken.
I felt privileged to see them swimming
before me. Later when I looked out, they
had left the center of the lake and were
back feeding quietly around the bend.
Whenever I went down to the water's
edge, they'd hear me and silently paddle
out to a safe distance. There they'd stop
and wait. I actually felt I was intruding.
Somehow, somewhere in back of their
genes is a very questionable note con-
cerning man. Man is a predator to be
feared and they would take no chances.
Inwardly I felt good about that, for
perhaps this inward fear in the long run
would save them. I surely hope so.
PAULSTOUTENBURGH
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CHAROS
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CANVASBACKS - -Once in a while these handsome ducks are seen on our
local waters. Bright white backs and wedge - shaped rusty heads are
their true identification marks. Photo by Paul Stoutenburgh
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