October 17, 1996 - Pigeons: A Species' Promise and PerilsGA- The-Suffbllx Timed • Gci6ber 17,-1996*
Pigeons: A
It's surprising how many telephone
calls and letters I get from readers about
something they have seen or have a ques-
tion about. It makes me feel good that
there are so many people out there who
are concerned about the world around
them, whether it's a view of a new wild-
flower or an injured bird or even some-
one's concern about the filling of a wet-
lands — people care. It's a good sign in
these troubled times when
there are those who want to
rip down the gains we've
made in the environment.
One of those concerned
calls came from a lady who
had rescued a pigeon that had
apparently been injured by
some animal. The lady was
doubly concerned because she
thought it belonged to some-
one because of the band on its leg. I've
often gotten calls from people who find
these stray pigeons with their conspicuous
leg bands in their yards or near their feed-
ers. Here's the problem as I see it:
A pigeon such as the one reported last
week is probably one of the many hom-
ing pigeons that are raised for the express
purpose of racing. There is a large group
of enthusiastic breeders of racing pigeons
who compete among themselves for the
fastest bird in the land. Often these birds
will be released hundreds of miles away
from their home lofts. Then the birds
must find their way home, where a spe-
cial timing device registers the arrival so
that the total time of the flight can be cal-
culated. These birds fly up to 50 to 60
miles an hour. The problem comes when
some of the less - experienced birds get
lost and settle in a strange new area that
could be your backyard.
Such was the case of the pigeon with
the leg band the lady called about last
week. When these situations have come
up in the past, we've tried time and time
again to see if we could locate the own-
ers, but to no avail. Like so many other
enterprises, some make it and some do
not. Sooner or later the lost "homer" will
join up' with a wild flock of pigeons and
spend the rest of his days with them.
Pigeons in the Dove Family
It is thought that the domestic pigeon's
ancestry goes back to the rock dove of
Europe, Asia and Africa. It's a member
of the dove family, the large birds being
called pigeons, the smaller members of
the clan called doves. We all should be
familiar with the common mourning
dove locally. It's the bird we often hear
softly cooing in the distance. Its call is
sometimes confused with that of the owl,
Species.1
but you can be pretty sure if you hear the
call during the day it's a dove, as owls
usually call at night.
Most "homers" are slate blue in color,
very trim and alert birds. Through careful
breeding, homing pigeons have returned
to their lofts after being released over
500 miles away, remarkable feat seeing it
is all new territory to,them. It's believed
that these birds, like others, get their
direction from a combination
of sources. The most logical
is by observation of land-
marks in the area, but that
soon gives way when the bird
is taken away from its home
roost. Then it is thought that
the sun, the stars, and even
the magnetic attraction of the
earth are used in their
remarkable navigation.
This homing instinct was realized by
the ancient Egyptians 'and Persians over
3,000 years ago. Even the early Olympic
victories were spread throughout the
country by messages attached to the legs
or backs of pigeons. An interesting twist
to the use of homing pigeons during
wartimes was in the Franco - Prussian
War. Here the French used these pigeons
to carry vital messages but the Germans
countered by training hawks to capture
them. It's something like today's chal-
lenge of war materials — each one trying
to get the better of the
other through some new
device. `At prec
In World War I, a.m. on
World War II and the
Korean War, the U.S. 1914, the
Signal Corps used hom- viving pal
ing pigeons to deliver
messages. One bird trav- pigeon di(
eled 24 miles in just 25 age of
minutes. The ironic
thing about this war
story is that the bird arrived with one leg
shot off and its breast injured by a bul-
let. In 1956 the Army Signal Corps sold
its last carrier pigeon as the electronic
age took over.
We on the East End are not as familiar
with the common pigeon as those who
live in the city. There, particularly in
parks, flocks of pigeons beg for food that
is usually well supplied by eager feeders.
Focus
on
Nature
by Paul
Stoutenburgh
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FUEL OIL
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Promise and Perils
Photo by Barbara Stoutenburgh
EXTINCT PASSENGER PIGEON —Once seen by the millions, this mem-
ber of the dove family became extinct because of ruthless market gunning.
This stuffed specimen was photographed at Sapsucker Woods in Ithaca, N.Y.
In some places they have become so
numerous that they create a real problem.
I wonder how many of you remember the
problem that downtown Riverhead had
with pigeons roosting around the build-
ings. Their droppings became such a
problem that drastic measures had to be
taken to move them away. Once again
we see overpopulation of
a species without suffi-
Isely 1 cient predators to keep
Sept. 1 their numbers down.
There are still some
last sur- local flocks of pigeons
�sen er about. Most find roosting
g places to spend the night
A at the in some farmer's barn,
t9where they again make a
• nuisance of themselves,
but here farmers usually
know how to take care of the problem.
Remember, pigeons are prolific breeders
and can have up to six broods a year.
They feed on seeds and whole grains
but must also injest sand or some other
kind of grit so that their gizzards can
grind up the hard seeds they've taken in.
Pigeons feed their young, or squabs, a
white liquid called "pigeon's milk,"
which is forced into the gaping mouth.
Both parents feed the young by pumping
this "milk" down their gullets.
Another member of the pigeon family
that deserves consideration here is the
now - extinct passenger pigeon. In little
more than a lifetime these birds that once
darkened the sky with their numbers
were eradicated by ruthless market gun-
ners. In one organized hunt the prize was
taken by a party that killed over 30,000
birds. As the hunting pressure grew, the
birds dwindled until by 1914 only one
female passenger pigeon, fondly named
Martha, was left and that was in the
Cincinnati Zoo. At precisely 1 a.m. on
Sept. l it died at the age of 29. This
marked the first time the exact time and
date of an extinction of a species had
been documented.
Stray pigeons with leg bands are often
found locally. It's almost impossible to
find their owners. We've tried to locate
some organization, but to no avail. It
seems a shame that these young birds
must be left to fend for themselves, but
then perhaps those bird's genes were not
the ones necessary to carry on the hom-
ing instinct. After all, evolution is the
process of selective breeding. In that
way, we get the best of all.
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