The Woodcock•
THE WOODCOCK
Original Sunday Review S ketch by Jennifer Ruleston
Focus on Nature
THE MYSTERIOUS WOODCOCK
By Dennis Puleston.
Every wildlife species — mam-
mal, bird, reptile, even the lowly
insect — has its own specialized
courtship ritual.
Some of these rituals amaze
us, others appear quite ludicr-
ous, though to the male creature
occupied in wooing the female
of his choice it is d e a-d 1 y
serious, the preliminaries to the
powerful mating urge which
instinct orders him to fulfil,
so that his own kind can
continue.
Examples of highly formalized
courtship routines with which we
are all familiar are the singing
of the small frogs known as
spring peepers, *the piercing, vi-
brant calls of the cicada s, the
pale, dancing light of the Light-
ning bugs, and, of course, the
great spring chorus of bird songs,
some pleasingly melodious, and
some, at Ieast to our ears, harsh
and unmusical. Yet all these
varied tokens of the male's desire
are delivered with the greatest
fervor, and are accepted, after
appropriate coyness, by the chos-
en mate.
Of all the extraordinary court-
ship performances to be wit-
nessed in this part of t h e
country, none surpasses t h e
nuptial flight of the woodcock.
To the naturalist, this is the
essence of early . spring, a phe-
nomenon which he can never
forget and never cease to enjoy
d wonder at.
by Paul Stoutenburgh
Cutchogue
To observe this ritual, o n e
must go to a brushy field, close
to a patch of swampy woodland.
About half an hour after sun -
down, just before dusk sets in,
a strange call will be heard from
the woods. This is the male bird,
tuning up for his act. At length
he darts out from his cover, to
settle in the open field. He then
begins to strut like a miniature
turkey, with wings drooping and
stumpy tail fanned, uttering that
same weird, single -noted .call. At
this juncture, he is apparently so
absorbed in his own performance
he can be approached quite
closely without being distracted.
Suddenly he rises from the
ground, and climbs almost ver-
tically with a vibrant whistling
sound. At this stage, he seems
more like a cross between a
moth and a helicopter than a
bird. In several steep spirals,
he is now several hundred feet
overhead, swaying back a n d
fourth as though on a pendulum.
At the apex of his flight he
commences his song, a series of
bubbling, twittering notes on a
descending scale. Twisting h. i s
body, he then hurtles downwards,
as the song grows in intensity.
Not until he Lands, at about the
same spot from which he .arose,
does the ecstatic song cease,
The act is now repeated, start-
ing as before with the rasping
calls and the strutting. On clear,
moonlit nights the woodcock is
likely to continue his wooing long
after nightfall. In the morning,
tine song can be heard from about
,ulf an hour before dawn until
full daylight has arrived.
During the day, the b i r d.s
remain in the wooded swamps,
and due to their protective
coloration they are rarely seen,
except when flushed from un-
derfoot. Since their staple food
is earthworms, for which they
probe with their long, flexible
bills, they require soft ground
on which to live. Probably due
to the fact that they spend so
much of their lives boring into
the mud, the large, dark eyes
are set far back in the head'
thus giving them maximum
visibility in case of danger.
The crude nest is merely a hol-
low in the dead leaves, well hid-
den in a thicket. The hen sets
closely on the eggs, and some-
times can even be stroked gently
on the back without forsaking her
charge.
Soon after the downy ,young are
hatched, they are able to follow
the mother, who leads them off
to the swamps. A few naturalists
have been so fortunate as to ob-
serve the remarkable habit of
hen in giving her chicks an aer—.
lift, as one by one she carries
them away, clasped between her
legs.
We have much to learn about
this interesting bird. We know
Iittle about its migratory patterns,
and some aspects of its courtship
are still not fully understood.
There is a running controversy
between ornithologists as to . how
the bird is able to make those
peculiar winnowing sounds as it
rises on its nocturnal flights. Are
these produced vocally, or by the
rapidly vibrating flight feathers?
Is it only the males- that partici-
pate in the nuptial dance?
On a still spring evening, as
we watch and listen to the fas-
cinating rites, we are filled with
the wonder and complexity of the
many natural phenomena around
us, which are typified in the age -
old, instinctive rapture of t h e
mysterious woodcock.
FIELD NOTES —
Bob Stivers reports an abun-
dance of "Viburnum Carlisi" now
blooming in the area. The most
fragrant of flowering shrubs, they
grow in tiny pink clusters at the
end of bush twigs.