The Mysterious WoodcockTHE MYSTERIOUS WOODCOCK
By Dennis Puleston.
Every wildlife species — mam-
mal, bird, reptile. even the lowly
insect — has its own specialized
courtship ritual.
Some of these rituals amaze
us, others appear quite ludicr-
ous, though to the male creature
occupied in wooing the female
of his choice it is d e a td 1 y
serious, the preliminaries to the
powerful mating urge which
instinct orders him to fulfill,
so that his own kind can
continue.
Examples of highly formalized
courtship routines with which we
are all familiar are the singing
of the small frogs known as
spring peepers, the piercing, vi-
brant calls of the cicada s, the
pale, dancing light of the light-
ning bugs, and, of course, the
great spring chorus of bird songs,
some pleasingly melodious, and
some, at least to our ears, harsh
and unmusical. Yet all these
varied tokens of the male's desire
are delivered with the greatest
fervor, and are accepted, after
appropriate coyness, by the chos-
en mate.
Of all the extraordinary court-
ship performances to be wit-
nessed in this part of t h e
country, none surpasses t h e
nuptial flight of the woodcock.
To the naturalist, this is the
essence of early spring, a phe-
nomenon which he can never
forget and never cease to enjoy
wonder at.
To observe this ritual, o n e
must go to a brushy field, clog(
to a patch of swampy woodland
About half an hour after sun
down, just before dusk sets in
a strange call will be heard fron
the woods. This is the male bird
tuning up for his act. At lengtl
he darts out from his cover, t
settle in the open field. He the
begins to strut like a miniatur
turkey, with wings drooping an
stumpy tail fanned, uttering tha
same weird, single -noted .call. .A
this juncture, he is apparently s
absorbed in his own performanc
he can be approached quit
closely without being distracter
Suddenly he rises from the
ground, and climbs almost ver
tically with a vibrant whistlini
sound. At this stage, he seem
more like a cross between
moth and a helicopter than a
bird. In several steep spirals
be is now several hundred fee
overhead, swaying back a n
fourth as though on a pendulum
At the apex of his flight
commences his song, a series
bubbling, twittering notes on
descending scale. Twisting h
body, he then hurtles downwarc
as the song grows in intensii
Not until he lands, at about t
same spot from which he aro:
does the ecstatic song cease..
7e act is now repeated, start -
as before with the rasping
and the strutting. On clear,
alit nights the woodcock is
y to continue his wooing long
r nightfall. In the morning,
song can be heard from about
an hour before dawn until
daylight has arrived.
)wring the day, the birds
nain in the wooded swamps,
I due to their protective
oration they are rarely seen,
:ept when flushed from un-
rfoot. Since their staple food
earthworms, for which they
Abe with their long, flexible
Is, they .require soft ground
which to live. Probably due
the fact that they spend so
ich of their lives boring into
mud, the large, dark eyes
e set far back in the head,
JS giving them maximum
>ibility in case of danger.
he crude nest is merely a hol-
in the dead leaves, well hid-
in a thicket. The hen sets
rely on the eggs, and some -
es can even be stroked gently
the back without forsaking her
irge.
oon after the downy young are
.ched, they are able to follow
mother, who leads them off
to the swamps. A few naturalists
have been so fortunate as to ob-
serve the remarkable habit of th
hen in giving her chicks an aeria-
lift, as one by one she carries
them away, clasped between her
legs.
We have much to learn about
this interesting bird. We know
little about its migratory patterns,
and some aspects of its courtship
are still not fully understood.
There is a running controversy
between ornithologists as to how
the bird is able to make those
peculiar winnowing sounds as it
rises on its nocturnal flights. Are
these produced vocally, or by the
rapidly vibrating flight feathers?
Is it only the males that partici-
pate in the nuptial dance?
On a still spring evening, as
we watch and listen to the fas-
cinating rites, we are filled with
the wonder and complexity of the
many natural phenomena around
us, which are typified in the age -
old, instinctive rapture of t h e
mysterious woodcock.
FIELD NOTES —
Bob Stivers reports an abun-
dance of "Viburnum Carlisi" now
blooming in the area. The most
fragrant of flowering shrubs, they
grow in tiny pink clusters at the
end of bush twigs.