November 26, 1998 - Wild turkeys making their comebackSA • The Suffolk Times • November 26, 1998
W i y ld turk '
g comeback e s mak�n their
At one time in our early history
turkeys were common throughout the
eastern seaboard. They were one of
the staples of the early settlers. At that
time there were
great forests FOCUS
where these
large gobblers ON
scratched for
insects, foraged NATURE
for fruit and en- by Paul
joyed the nuts of Stoutenburgh
the forest such as
beechnut and the
acorn. Then, as the forests were
cleared, their nesting grounds and
habitat became depleted. From the
beginning huge numbers of these mag-
nificent birds were taken both by gun
and other "insidious devices." An
example of these other "insidious
devices" is told by a visitor from New
Jersey in 1648 who mentioned a flock
of 500 turkeys "got by net."
Our early ancestors were amazed at
the sheer abundance of fish, birds, ani-
mals, trees, rivers, lakes and other nat-
ural resources that their newly adopted
country offered. With such numbers of
passenger pigeons that they blackened
the sky for hours as they passed by and
endless numbers of buffalo that rum-
bled past, not for hours but for days, it
was little wonder our forefathers
thought there would never be an end
to this free source of wildlife. But end
it did for many. Some, like the buffalo
and the magnificent turkey, were
brought right to the edge of extinction.
Turkeys were one of those who
touched this edge, and not so long ago.
In the great volumes of "Birds of New
York" that was published in 1916 by
the state I quote the following sobering
line: "Wild turkeys formerly inhabited
eastern North America from Maine,
Ontario, and Dakota to the Gulf
Coast, but have long since disappeared
from New England and New York."
From that dismal statement new hope
and interest was generated in this regal
bird, mainly by sportsmen and hunters.
There was even talk of bringing back
the turkey to its former haunts. With
much work and dedication the turkey
was reintroduced to many parts of our
state. In our trips to the Catskills we
often see turkeys in open fields or
crossing a woodland roadway. A friend
of ours who lives there feeds a flock of
15 or more right out of his back door.
Long Island has gotten into the act of
reintroducing turkeys into some of its
former home range. Our problem here
on the island is that we don't have the
vast woodlands of the past and are
therefore limited to
where these large
roving birds can be
set free.
Bob Perez, resi-
dent wildlife biolo-
gist of the sprawl-
ing Wertheim Na-
tional Wildlife
Refuge in Shirley,
told me that in 1993
20 turkeys were
released by the
state on that prop-
erty. These birds
did so well that
Mark Lowery of
the Department of
Environmental
Conservation said
they put an addi-
tional 25 birds in
the South Haven
County Park area
during the 1993-
1994 season.
Twenty -nine birds
were released at
the same time in
the vast scrub -pine area in Montauk at
Hither Hills State Park. Larry Penny,
who keeps an eye on the happenings of
the South Fork, told me they are doing
well. The ones at the Wertheim Estate
have multiplied to more than 70 while
others have drifted from that flock into
Brookhaven Lab's huge complex.
Others have invaded the watersheds of
the Carmans and Peconic rivers, which
sounds to me that if turkeys can find
the right habitat they will do well here
on Long Island.
There's a difference in turkey types.
Those released were not the domestic
Thanksgiving turkey we think of,
rather, they were true wild turkeys.
Seems long, long ago when the
Spaniards first came to the New World
they encountered domestic turkeys that
were raised by the natives of Mexico
and Central America. These domestic
turkeys were brought back to Spain
and eventually found their way into
Europe's markets. Easily raised and
than if one released a barnyard chick-
en in the wild. Today there are no
turkeys in Mashomack. In contrast the
turkeys on Gardiners Island are the
true wild turkeys and they are doing
well. We often see them on our visits
there. I'm always amazed to see these
big- bodied birds (up to 20 pounds)
take to the air and fly with such ease
and speed. Robins Island has no wild
turkeys living on it.
After much courtship with fanned -
out tails and droop-
ing wings, the hen
submits to the mas-
ter of the flock and
lays nine to 12 eggs
in a well- hidden
nest in the ground.
Heavy rains in the
spring can raise
havoc with young
turkeys as well as
the predators of the
forest such as feral
cats, roving rac-
coons and an occa-
sional sharpeyed
hawk, but even with
these turkeys are
reproducing and the
future of these mag-
nificent birds is once
again assured.
Being America's
largest game bird,
the turkey has be-
come more and
more popular with
hunters as it's spread
out across the state.
One would think because of its size it
would be an easy target, but on the con-
trary, because it is so sought after, it has
become one of the most elusive and
hard -to -find targets a hunter is up
against. Only the skilled stalker is
rewarded with his Thanksgiving turkey.
As Tom Lowery from the DEC says,
"Turkeys are more wary than deer."
Hunting has always been a contro-
versial issue, many arguing that hunt-
ing an animal or bird is unnecessary in
this day and age. Their argument has
merit but then we think nothing of eat-
ing chickens and turkeys that have
been raised in a far more cruel envi-
ronment than the free - roaming pheas-
ant or turkey that has acquired every
trick in the book to evade the hunter. I,
myself, when young and full of energy,
sought the duck, the pheasant and the
rabbit. We should remember the
hunter today pays a high price for his
usual meager returns. The cost of his
hunting license and the extra tax on his
hunting and fishing gear go to pay for
the reintroduction of turkeys, etc., the
setting of take limits and the many
other facets of conservation that are
aimed at protecting our wildlife. My
early experience in those days afield
and in the cold duck blinds helped me
understand and appreciate the great
outdoors that has given me so much
pleasure throughout my life.
In closing I believe more and more
are trading in their guns and taking up
the camera or binoculars. As hunting
lands become less and less available
many are changing their ways. Yet
there'll always be hunters. It is my
hope that both the hunter and those
who merely observe wildlife will stand
together and breathe the fresh air of
wonder that comes from our woods
and waters for all of us to enjoy.
Suffolk Times photo by Paul Stoutenburgh
The turkey seen here is the domestic turkey that was originally raised for
food by the natives of Central America and Mexico. It is not the wild
turkey that has Just recently been reintroduced here on Long Island.
...c. A h-J
75 years ago
Nov 23, 1923
Dirigible fills local skies: Many of the people of the
East End of the island had an opportunity Tuesday morn-
ing of seeing the great Navy dirigible ZR -1, or as she was
recently christened, "Shenandoah," the Indian name for
Daughter of the Stars. The Shenandoah left her hangar at
Lakehurst, N.J., at 6:55 in the morning, bound for Boston.
At Patchogue and Riverhead the giant dirigible flew
directly over the towns, giving the inhabitants a wonder-
ful view of this great airship. After leaving the center of
the island, Commander F.R. McCrary followed the Sound
to New London. Although the Shenandoah was not
directly over the villages of Southold and Greenport, it
was possible to get a fine view of the great dirigible. The
sky was clear and the rays of the bright sun striking the
giant silver hull of the Shenandoah made a picture that
will long be remembered.
50 years ago
Nov. 26, 1948
Old Legion sold: The property owned by Burton Potter
Post, American Legion of Greenport, located on the cor-
ner of Main and North streets, formerly used as the legion
home, has been purchased by Wilfred Ireland of
Brooklyn. Mr. Ireland, who is familiarly known as "Doc,"
is the son of Mrs. Margaret Ireland of Greenport. The
new owner is having extensive alterations made and will
prized for their food value, they in turn
were brought over by the early settlers
who were seeking new lives in Amer-
ica. This is the Thanksgiving turkey
that is raised today for the dining table.
It is not the wild turkey that roamed
over the eastern seaboard and has now
been reintroduced to Long Island.
At one time there were turkeys at
Mashomack Preserve on Shelter Is-
land, but Mike Laspia tells me they
were the domestic turkey and were not
able to survive in the wild no more
have it remodeled into a two - family dwelling. The prop-
erty was for many years the home of the late Captain
William Dennis, a famous racing skipper. The property
was purchased by Burton Potter Post from the late Fred
Terrell, for years a member of the Board of Trustees of
the Village of Greenport.
25 years ago
Nov 22, 1973
On the Aquaseum: The Aquaseum — as an answer to
commerce and industry for Greenport — was discussed
by Joseph Townsend Jr. in a breakfast talk before the
Long Island MidSuffolk Businessmen's Action on Nov.
15. LIMBA noted that the Aquaseum could be not only
important to the Village of Greenport, but beneficial to
the whole of Suffolk County.
In the first major speech to a countywide audience on
the proposed project, Mr. Townsend briefed his audience
on the way Dr. John Hansen, the daddy of the Aquaseum,
dreamed up the project as a "pacemaker" to increase and
prolong tourist flow through Greenport. Visitors to the
Aquaseum on the waterfront will find a parklike environ-
ment, study mammals and fish in tanks, take in the com-
mercial and mariculture exhibits and see live mammal
shows.
At the same time, the main thrust is educational with
classrooms and laboratories for graduate and undergradu-
ate work and auditoriums for oceanographic conventions.